Python

Spearman Correlation Coefficient is a nonparametric method. It calculates the ranks by sorting the two variables, and then calculates the difference between the ranks to measure the correlation between the two variables.

Mann-Whitney U test is a nonparametric test. It combines the two samples, sort them, and assign them ranks according to the orders to test if the distribution of two population are equal.

Chi-Square Test tests whether the variables in a crosstab are independent based on the observed frequencies. SciPy’s chi2_contingency() can help us quickly calculate chi-square statistic and p-value.